Threat Vectors For Cyber Security - 965 Words

Threat Vectors There are three main areas identified as threat vectors for cyber security in relation to CIP: IT networks, insider threats, and equipment and software. Normally, ICS operate on an internal network, called OT (Operational Technology). Occasionally, this isolated network requires a connection to the organization’s corporate network (IT) for routine operation and management. As displayed in the Ukraine blackout, cyber threats infiltrate an organization’s IT systems in order to access ICS networks on the OT network. The methods used to achieve access are often not complex procedures and â€Å"can be achieved using a wide array of methods, such as spear phishing, malicious URLs, drive-by attacks† (p. 1). Upon infiltration of an IT network, the threat searches for a lapse in the cyber security program in order to access the OT networks that regulate CI. The second threat vector, insider threat, entails IT networks and OT networks. This threat can arise from negligence or sabotage by members within the organization (intentional or accidental). The structure of an OT network is normally not as complex as an IT network and more susceptible to insider threats. As stated by Epstein (2016), â€Å"OT networks are usually flat with little or no segmentation, and SCADA systems have outdated software versions that go unpatched regularly† (p. 2). Thus, an unsuspecting employee that disregards protocol by disabling/weakening security settings or connects a private network to theShow MoreRelatedCyber Security Case Analysis961 Words   |  4 Pagespolicy and the perspective attach vectors, an impact assessment was completed and counter measures identified. The counter measures also addressed the areas of current weaknesses and emerging weaknesses in hopes to maintain a strong cyber security posture. For current technology vulnerability the outdated antivirus was used an example that pertains to all corporations to include Yahoo!, where malware can be introduced into the companies system. The attack vector for this vulnerability occurs throughRead MoreInformation Assurance Certification And Accreditation Process1987 Words   |  8 PagesCisco 2014 Midyear Security Report estimates there will be 50 Billion things on the Internet by 2020. Combine this with 91% increase in targeted attacks, 62% increase in data breaches, 552M identities compromised in 2013 reported by Symantec in their 2014 Internet Security Threat Report and visions of cyber security chaos begins to appear. The scope of this paper cannot cover cyber security threat to the entire Internet or such a broad topic as cyber security threat in general. The intent of thisRead MoreIntegration Of Threat Intel And Incident Response. In Today’S1100 Words   |  5 PagesIntegration of Threat Intel and Incident Respons e In today’s modern world of security threats, intelligence and the ability to respond to incidents are the keys to survival. As technology continues to change and advance, we also must change our security procedure and techniques. Dina Evans from LookingGlass has a good definition of threat intelligence, â€Å"We define threat intelligence as the combination of technical and contextual information regarding existing or emerging threats from all availableRead MoreCritical National Infrastructures And National Security1563 Words   |  7 PagesInfrastructures and National Security Week Seven Research Paper Russian and Chinese Advanced Persistent Threat Groups Utica College October 15, 2016 Introduction In this paper I will discuss a total of four Advanced Persistent Threat Groups (APT). I will discuss their motives, attack objectives, targets of the attacks, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP), and attack vectors. I will propose strategies that would deter and provide defense against the group or that type of threat. I will also discussRead MoreCyber Threat Intelligence Based On Cyber Threats1612 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Security Officers must obtain a consensus for which mitigating controls are key, which can be a trying negotiation between the CISO, Chief Technology Officer, Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), Infrastructure Engineering, Audit and Assurance teams, and the Investment and Audit committees. How do you harness your entire organization to focus on a common agreed-upon list of key security controls? By defining key controls based on cyber threats (translated into business risks), an organizationRead MoreA Brief Note On Terrorism And The European Charter Of Human Rights1073 Words   |  5 PagesIt’s noted that the greatest threat Europe faces isn’t cyberwarfare, cyber terrorism, or espionage, but rather software and hardware failure. (Information Management Journal, 2015). One of the key challenges to resolving infrastructure weakness is that each country approaches it differently. In recent years, cybersecurity was an intermediary international concern in Europe and privacy was the principal concern for Europeans. On the Internet, Europeans promote the â€Å"right to be forgotten† and theyRead MoreWhy Security Controls Is Important Than Which Controls You Put On A Compliance Checklist1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Where to put security controls and how to design them is more important than which controls you put on a compliance checklist. Identifying and prioritizing key security controls, however, is part art and part science. By defining key controls based on cyber risks (translated into business risks), an organization can more easily right-size the its control set and adapt it to their needs. Information Security risk assessment processes that are near real-time, gated by a change controlRead MoreSecurity Controls For Effective Cyber Defense1196 Words   |  5 PagesMitigating Actions Using the 20 Critical Security Controls†, was written from the view of an external security consultant â€Å"Philip G. Rynn†, and published by the SANS Institute, which is an educational organization that has the largest collection of research documents regarding information security. The paper correctly examined the United Airlines breach in May 2015 and offered near, mid and long-term actions that should be executed by the United Airlines’ senior security staff to alleviate the effects ofRead MoreCyber Case Study912 Words   |  4 Pagesfor cyber criminals these days. At the same time, greater conne ctivity provides more potential attack vectors. Below are some of the cyber threats that educational institutions come across. IT security threats can be classified into mainly 4 categories: Internal External Physical Social engineering and software driven Internal security threats Employees - In the 2016 Cyber Security Intelligence Index, IBM found that 60% of all attacks were carried out by insiders. Employees can be a threat in variousRead MoreA Report On The Cyber Security Triad1133 Words   |  5 Pagestargeted- and breached- by cyber attackers that are intent on economic theft and/or operational disruption. Just a few years ago, industrial control system (ICS) operators could never have imagined the malicious attacks cyber adversaries are executing DAILY. The New Reality is clear: technical sophistication of attacks can only be offset by a sound defense-in-depth approach. ICS systems thrive on availability more than confidentiality and integrity (the â€Å"Cyber Security Triad†) which enables the

The Effects Of Caffeine Addicted Individuals Can Take...

breathing, is vomiting, having hallucinations, some chest pain, and if the individual is having irregular or fast heartbeats. Not just the an individual can have an overdose, if a breast feeding mother is consuming an increased amount of caffeine, babies can also suffer from caffeine overdose. This can happen when the mother’s breast milk contains excessive amounts of caffeine and is breast feeding a baby at the same time (James, Kristjà ¡nsson, Sigfà ºsdà ³ttir, 2010). Treatment Caffeine addicted individuals can take action for the addictions. Since the withdrawal of caffeine can be unpleasant, individuals should slowly cut back one cup every three days until they are consuming no caffeine. This gradually decreases the intake consumed, which doesn’t cause the severe withdrawal symptoms an individual could have and makes the process more tolerable for the individual. (Maisto, Galizio, Connors, 2011). Sleep While there is some research done on sleep patterns, there is a decline in the research when it comes to college-age students and young adults. In a survey done at a private Midwestern University of approximately 1,125 students, only about 30% of students reported getting eight hours of sleep or more per night, which is considered to be the recommended amount needed during this developmental phase (Lund, Reider, Whiting, Prichard, 2009). When an individual has multiple nights lacking sleep in a row, they will require more sleep than normal to account for thisShow MoreRelatedCoffee And An Injection Full Of Coffee Beans1519 Words   |  7 PagesSlide #1: Cup of coffee w/an injection full of coffee beans Health Canada states that 60 percent of Canadian adults take in caffeine through coffee, while 30 percent get their fix with tea. The remaining 10 percent of Canadians consumption of caffeine comes from pop, energy drinks, chocolate and medications [Best Health Mag]. Coffee drinkers can suffer from the draining side effects of a drug they didn’t realize they were taking daily; Caffeine.This is a big issue in today’s society and affectingRead MoreThe Effects Of Drugs And Alcohol On The Brain846 Words   |  4 PagesWhat really is an addiction? Why and how do such individuals get hooked on something and cannot seem to part ways? Many bystanders and outsiders seem to be puzzled on why or how others become addicted to drugs and alcohol. This has been an ongoing issue still current in today’s society. â€Å"It is often mistakenly assumed that drug abusers lack moral principles or willpower and that they could stop using drugs simply by choosing to change their beha vior† (Understanding Drug). Same thing goes for theRead MoreHigh Impulsivity And Novelty Seeking Drugs875 Words   |  4 Pagesimpulsivity and novelty-seeking (which are behavioral markers of addictive drugs) place individuals in the vulnerability of compulsive seeking of the drug. The researchers used laboratory rats to test the vulnerability. Researchers found that high reactivity to novelty predicted the likelihood of rats seeking cocaine self-administration. However, high impulsivity seemed to predict the development of addiction like behavior in the laboratory rats. The results obtained by researchers has changed theRead MoreExercise Addiction Essay2376 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿Addiction is a Disease Addiction is all around us. It may be that cup of coffee in the morning for the caffeine stimulation, the cigarette that is smoked for the nicotine, or an alcoholic drink used to relieve a stressful day or situation. For some, the addiction may not be to a substance, but to compulsive behaviors such as gambling, playing video games, or shopping. Consequences to addictions can impact an addict’s physical or mental state. Addiction can also have detrimental impact on the peopleRead MoreHow The Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals And Treatment1468 Words   |  6 PagesHow the Brain Effects Cocaine Dependent Individuals and Treatment One of the most addictive substances in the modern society that is increasingly abused is cocaine, which is a drug that generates several problems in the society and today’s health care programs. As a result of the increased use of this drug, users sometime develop cocaine addiction or dependence, which is a condition characterized by an overwhelming psychological desire to use the drug regularly. Despite its associated psychologicalRead MoreMarijuana s Active Ingredient Is Tetrahydrocannabinol ( Thc )1189 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediate effect on the brain and other drugs. The drug comes from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa and it’s the seeds and leaves that are used and also the flowers are usually dried. (Above the Influence, 2015) THC resembles a neurotransmitter anandamide and mimics its actions. When THC binds to cannabinoid receptors it removes the refractory period in neurons. Refractory period is when excitable cells are not able to respond to stimuli as the cell needs to recover after firing an action potentialsRead MorePsychoactive Drugs Can Have On An Individual s Brain1612 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand the affects that psychoactive drugs can have on an individual’s brain, one has to first define the term, dissect the history and use, know what factors cause addiction, and what leads to drug dependency. What is a psychoactive drug? A psychoactive drug, psycho-pharmaceutical, or psychotropic is a chemical substance that changes brain function and results in alterations in perception, mood, or consciousness (drug, n.d). Typically the term drug alone can be seen or associated with a positive orRead MorePsychoactive Drug Addiction2235 Words   |  9 PagesA narrow definition of the term addictio n refers to habitual psychological and physiological dependence on a substance beyond one s voluntary control. Terms such as workaholic, sex addict, and computer junkie arose to describe behaviors that have features in common with alcoholism and other substance addictions. Substance addiction is a multi-pronged system in which lifestyle has a role but the biology of a person s body is a major factor. These substances, which are called psychoactive drugsRead MorePRESCRIPTION MEDECINS USE AND ABUSE 22408 Words   |  10 Pagesconsumption effects of brief interventions for hazardous drinking elderly. Substance Use and Misuse†, p.1017-1035. 5. Patterson Thomas, Lacro Jonathan and Dilip V. Jeste, â€Å"Abuse and Misuse of Medications in the Elderly†. Psychiatric Times April 1999 Vol. XVI Issue 4. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION Attention-getter: Do you know that prescription medicine abuse is a modern-day disease and over six million American have abuse prescription medication? Thesis Statement: Some of the prescription medicine can causeRead MoreEssay on Effects of Cocaine, Seratonin and Melatonin on the Brain2623 Words   |  11 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: The human brain is the most complex organ in the body. Its functions control every aspect of life. It is important to attempt to comprehend the workings of the brain and to learn the effects of natural and unnatural substances on it. In order to look at chemical effects on the brain, one must first get an understanding for the chemicals as well as how the brain works to interpret and react to signals set out by these chemicals, rhythmically and physiologically. Several chemicals observed

Some Current Data-mining Projects and their Advantages and Critism

Question: Describe the advantages and critism of some current data-mining projects. Answer: Introduction: Information mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of training structure. It is the plan able method of exploring crate in generous data sets counting methodologies at the blending of artificial mental ability, estimations, and database structures. Information mining is the way toward applying these techniques with the aim of revealing shrouded designs in vast information sets. It overcomes any issues from connected measurements and counterfeit consciousness (which for the most part give the scientific foundation) to database administration by abusing the way information is put away and recorded in databases to execute the genuine learning and revelation calculations all the more productively, permitting such strategies to be connected to ever bigger information sets(Denrell Liu, 2012). Employee Performance Evaluation For Top Performers Recruitment: Basic Concept behind the Employee Performance Evaluation: In the past couple of decades, affiliations were particularly stressed over the change and presentation of their delegates moreover thinking about on execution organization. Right away, Organizations are taking after the new case of working and doing assignments to take after the focuses and mission of it. To fulfill this new modernized thought of snappy and imaginative change, they are understanding the importance and use of new procedures for execution organization (Handschke, Kerekes, and Walgenbach, 2014). Affiliations have recognized the criticalness of execution examination and it has been found in the occurrences of all colossal multinational associations that they have realized the execution assessment structures to overhaul the effectiveness of their delegates. There are combinations of substitute perspectives that unmistakable the importance of execution organization and its estimation. Affiliation should display real and sensible points of view of execution assessment to get trust of the specialists, their unwaveringness and work satisfaction are the rule focus of any progressive accomplishment. Through ordinary execution estimation's, organization can get the best reliance of specialists (Ho, Lee, and Wu, 2009). Benefits: The execution examination permits the workers to get the money related and non-fiscal prizes from the administration, here it additionally give the most critical advantage for representatives that it allows to get sensible time for coordinated exchange on the execution over the timeframe. This discourse amongst representative and administrator permits examining the principle issues that are obstacle in the execution and work concerns tended to. It can see from everywhere throughout the world associations, the criticism of execution examination says that it makes a solid bond amongst subordinate and chief just if the evaluation is directed legitimately and reasonably. This procedure additionally gives the chance to representatives to survey their exhibitions and talk about the issues and troubles they are confronting in the work furthermore it gives the way to pick up the points and goals later on time. This collaboration of subordinates and managers give the chance to help the future objectives. In this way it upgrades the profitability. In this way, this procedure gives the best time to representatives to have visit with the managers with no obstruction and direction. The significance of this procedure ought not be belittled as this is the basic piece of execution evaluation framework. In addition this procedure permits the bosses and workers to talk about the future targets and, preparing and pivot need introduction and improvement, if necessary. In this exchange, the chiefs and the subordinates talk about the different issues about the present and the missing working aptitudes, vocation improvement and what could possibly be done what's to come (McCracken Sanderson, 2004). E Commerce Product Rating Based On Customer Review Mining: Basic know-how's of E Commerce Product Rating: E-business applications can be separated into three classes. To start with is an inside business framework in which client relationship administration (CRM), Enterprise asset arranging (ERP), and Human Resource administration (HRM) sort of frameworks are included. Second is endeavor correspondence and cooperation, for example, content administration framework (CMS), business process administration (BPM) and web conferencing and so forth. Third is e-trade that incorporates Business-to-business (B2B) e-business and Business-to-client (B2C) e-business. Internet shopping goes under this classification on which this study is led (Choi, Yoo, Kim, Suh, 2012). Buyer unwaveringness implies the extent to which customers are content with the things and organizations gave by a business. Shopper reliability levels can be measured using study techniques and reviews. Expanding a lot of purchaser reliability is basic to a business in light of the way that satisfied customers are well while in transit to be dependable and to make reiterated orchestrates and to use a broad assortment of organizations offered by a business(Wang, Li, Liu, and Zhang, 2015). Purchaser steadfastness is a hypothetical thought and the genuine appearance of the state of satisfaction will move from individual to individual and thing/organization to thing or organization. The level of satisfaction can in like manner movement dependent upon various options the customer may have and distinctive things against which the customer can consider the affiliation's things or organizations (Nahm, 2013). Advantages of E-Commerce Rating: The general fulfillment of e-trade clients can be accomplished by giving the level of administration quality that clients see in that framework. The five measurements of administration quality are unmistakable quality, unwavering quality, responsiveness, certification and compassion. The site structure of an e-business sites is about the unmistakable quality measurement. The dependability measurement in this study is measured by the quality called site ampleness. The site reaction variable demonstrates the responsiveness measurement. Site security as another quality of an e-business framework alludes to the certification measurement and the sympathy measurement depicted by the site customization. The general consumer loyalty depends on the five administration quality measurements speaking to different administration properties: unmistakable quality, unwavering quality, affirmation, responsiveness and sympathy. The point by point model utilized as a part of this study is displayed in figure A. The site outline components are described into five unique sorts which should impact the five administration quality measurements. This study guesses that some site traits that depend on administration quality measurements affects an online consumer loyalty. At the end of the day, consumer loyalty's level will increment if the e-business framework gives a larger amount of administration quality through various site traits (Santoso Erdaka, 2015). Drawbacks or Criticism of E-Commerce Ratings: On the drawback, there have been a few inadequacies saw in e-trade arrangements. The first is conveyance. Since the merchandise are purchased on the web, the precise date of conveyance now and again does delayed. Indeed, even the delivery costs required in the process go up. The following one is that however you see the item on the site, you are not certain whether it works well, in actuality, and the way it is bundled. Obviously, no site would offer anybody wrong items and after that danger claims still one is questionable about the workability of the item. The article requested online may die in transit of its conveyance. In the event that the great is failing, then returning it again turns into an exceptionally troublesome employment since the installment is as of now made. Another worry thinks of the quantity of exchanges an individual is qualified for make. The greater part of the sites permit only each one in turn (Wang, Li, Liu, Zhang, 2015). Having specified the above weaknesses, no one can assume away the praise from e-business arrangements that they have without a doubt upset the way individuals shop on the web. Conclusion Employees ought to know the techniques for execution estimation they will be surveyed on, with the goal that they get the possibility of this procedure and can be set up for it. Each evaluation framework is not quite the same as other strategy so it ought to clarify that each worker is being assessed by a same technique so there is no unreasonable and impacted examination of any representative. It can be seen that accomplishment of E-business majors is that it really allows people to when in doubt partner with some amazingly loving and outstanding early puberty memories. It could be anything from social occasion baseball cards to toy warriors to Barbie dolls to doll houses, and so on. Another variable to consider is that people genuinely value the experience of the shopping bazaar. They value the pursuit. They acknowledge looking around for stock. The other part is that they genuinely value the restriction of the offering strategy. Everybody likes to get it, and everybody some way or another, shape, or edge, likes to wrangle a small piece over the expense. The e-bay closeout position licenses customers. The test that dependably stands up to an online trader is the way to go of making trust and certainty among clients. There are still an expansive number of individuals who don't utilize the Internet all the time, and there are, obviously, countless who have no enthusiasm for the Internet by any stretch of the imagination. Some of the time they avoid it since they are stressed over classification, protection issues and the expansive zone of trust and security. References Choi, K., Yoo, D., Kim, G., Suh, Y. (2012). A hybrid online-product recommendation system: Combining implicit rating-based collaborative filtering and sequential pattern analysis. Electronic Commerce Research And Applications, 11(4), 309-317. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2012.02.004 Denrell, J. Liu, C. (2012). Top performers are not the most impressive when extreme performance indicates unreliability. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 109(24), 9331-9336. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116048109 Handschke, S., Kerekes, R., Walgenbach, P. (2014). Effects of International Knowledge Transfer on the Performance of Teams of Top Performers. Academy Of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), 11521-11521. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2014.11521abstract Ho, J., Lee, L., Wu, A. (2009). How Changes in Compensation Plans Affect Employee Performance, Recruitment, and Retention: An Empirical Study of a Car Dealership. Contemporary Accounting Research, 26(1), 167-199. https://dx.doi.org/10.1506/car.26.1.6 Jehong Lee,. (2010). A Study on the Countries Responsivity of Country-of-Origin Product of the Korea Customer. International Commerce And Information Review, 12(1), 353-373. https://dx.doi.org/10.15798/kaici.12.1.201003.353 McCracken, M. Sanderson, M. (2004). Trade union recruitment: strategic options?. Employee Relations, 26(3), 274-291. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01425450410530655 Milos, M. (2009). Evaluation and performance characteristics of the coagulation system: ACL TOP analyzer - HemosIL reagents. International Journal Of Laboratory Hematology, 31(1), 26-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-553x.2007.00999.x Nahm, Y. (2013). New competitive priority rating method of customer requirements for customer-oriented product design. International Journal Of Precision Engineering And Manufacturing, 14(8), 1377-1385. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-013-0186-8 Santoso, A. Erdaka, A. (2015). Customer Loyalty in Collaborative Consumption Model: Empirical Study of CRM for Product-Service System-Based e-Commerce in Indonesia. Procedia Computer Science, 72, 543-551. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.162 Wang, F., Li, H., Liu, A., Zhang, X. (2015). Hybrid customer requirements rating method for customer-oriented product design using QFD. J. Of Syst. Eng. Electron., 26(3), 533-543. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsee.2015.00061

Slaghterhouse Five, By Kurt Vonnegut, Is A Story About Billy Pilgrims

Slaghterhouse Five, by Kurt Vonnegut, is a story about Billy Pilgrim's life as he lives in circular time frame. We bounce back and forth to the times of his marraige, time in Tralfamadore, and to the times in Dresden, Germany. It is a very well written book full of war criticism that makes you think about you're current position in life. Billy Pilgrim is purely one who can feel nothing and still get full credit for being alive. He tells the story in this book, as he gets thrown around into different time periods of his life. He starts off as an optometrist in Ilium, New York; where he soon became engaged to the daughter of the founder and owner of the school. Shortly after he suffered a mild nervous collapse. Billy oddly never really understood why he married Valencia Merble. After this it is hard for me to piece together quite what he is doing next, for he jumps around to different periods of time so frequently, but i guess he is taken to Tralfamadore sometime during his college years. Tralfamadore is the planet that he is taken to by his alien friends. They show him how foolish humanity looks from an outside view, and just how easy it is to live in peace. The Tralfamadorians can not understand why the earthlings fight instead of love. They place Billy in a sort of 'zoo'. He lives in a simulation of a house, just with no walls. They bring to Billy a beautiful actress by the name of Montana Wildhack who falls in love with Billy during her time there. The Tralfamadorians loved to see how they lived and reacted to each other. Billy is also to be sent into war. The only problem is that Billy has no desire to hurt anyone and ends up wandering around with no weapon, making his position well known to the enemy. If it wasnt for Roland Weary, he would have been blown to bits in the middle of an open road. Eventually they get captured and brought by train to a camp. Some died on the trains and the men had to withstand being cramped next to a dead man for days. When they got to the camp, they were fed and were able to watch performances. Billy ate nothing, and in turn saved himself from becoming sick like the others. They were shortly taken to Dresden, after the Russians could no longer stand looking at the Americans. They wrote bad reports about the condition of the army, complaining about how white they were, and how they were just a group of young boys thrown into a battle they shouldn't have been in. In Dresden, the men enjoyed some freedoms in between working. They could at least be allowed to go about the city, and not be restrained to a certain place. Billy mixed giant tubs of syrup, which he had hidden spoons to take constant tastes of. Soon Billy and the rest of the Americans were taken into another room of the slaughterhouse building number five. They were warned the great city was going to be attacked. They could hear the planes and fire above, and when they arose from their building, they realized they were the only ones left. Billy was glad to see the war over, now he could go back home. He enjoyed fooling the humans around him and reading his Kilgore Trout books, full of humor only few could understand. Bibliography this book is a bibliography

Challenges Faced by Companies Entering Foriegn Markets Essays

Challenges Faced by Companies Entering Foriegn Markets Essays Challenges Faced by Companies Entering Foriegn Markets Essay Challenges Faced by Companies Entering Foriegn Markets Essay 1. Introduction Companies move into foreign markets for assorted grounds. In certain instances. it is towards accomplishing a needed gross revenues volume. In other cases. it might be a command to increase trade name consciousness. Other companies go into foreign markets to re-invigorate gross revenues after their merchandises have gone through their life rhythm – from origin to worsen – in place markets. Regardless of ground. traveling into a foreign market tends to bode great chances for companies. peculiarly if it entails functioning merchandises in an emerging economic system that has late become affluent plenty to afford such merchandises ; or selling a new but needful merchandise or service to a developed and affluent market. However. in foreign markets. challenges are every bit legion as chances. Some beginnings of challenges are discussed below. a ) Socio-Cultural Differences Companies tend to follow patterns that were successful in place markets without accommodating these theoretical accounts to suit the cultural dispositions of markets entered. When big cultural differences exist between the place state and that entered. such patterns may ensue in uneffective concern development and partnerships. An illustration is the now good known Chinese pattern of longer meetings in the command to go acquainted with possible spouses. compared to the Anglo-American pattern of brief to-the-point meetings. Adopting either attack in a market more inclined to the other. will no uncertainty hinder concern development. Language differences are other illustrations of socio-cultural differences that postulate challenges to companies come ining a foreign market. Language differences make effectual and efficient communicating hard between companies and local stakeholders. A light illustration is the Chevrolet Nova which was selling far below outlook in Latin America. Executives of General Motors could non understand why this was so until it was brought to their attending that. in Spanish no va means it doesn’t go . B ) Differences in Levels of Bureaucracy – Efficiency of Procedures and Processes Company enrollment. the gap of a bank history. acquiring import licenses. obtaining needed licences. etc. all reflect the easiness of making concern in a state every bit good as the degrees of bureaucratism that exist in that state. For companies used to comparatively low degrees of bureaucratism. come ining a market with significantly higher degrees of bureaucratism may ensue in unrealistic undertaking programs translated into unachieved execution. degree Celsius ) Differences in Availability of Skilled Human Resources Availability of a peculiar accomplishment in a company’s place market may ensue in givens about the handiness of the same accomplishment in the market entered. 4This occurred in Nigeria in 2001 when the first set of GSM licences were given to foreign companies – MTN and Econet ( both from South Africa ) . At the clip. neither entrant foresaw a famine of local skilled work force. This ended up bing both companies an unprecedented addition in wages and other disbursals associated with delivery in expatriate workers. The challenge of sourcing skilled labors in foreign markets is farther exacerbated when quotas exist on the figure expatriates allowed into the state entered despite the famine of local accomplishment. vitamin D ) Differences in Infrastructure Predominating substructure affects how companies operate. Predominating transit substructure impact how companies move goods and forces for service bringing ; market substructure impact how participants on a given value concatenation relate with one another ; and the degree of basic substructure such as power and H2O affect cost allotments and direction. For companies come ining a foreign market. failure to take into history the infrastructural base of the market entered may ensue in uneffective and or inefficient operating programs and procedures. vitamin E ) Legislation Favouring Local Companies Unsupportive statute law is another major beginning of challenges to companies come ining foreign markets. States tend to ordain Torahs intended to protect or enable local industries. These statute laws take many signifiers. They could be straight-out levies on foreign concerns ; or forbiddance of the activities or direction construction of foreign companies ; or may be through more indirect agencies such as needed licences or licenses to run ; cumbersome enrollment procedures or license processs. 4 David Ogah. Expatriates. some semi-skilled. take over even humble occupations from Nigerians . The Guardian Newspaper Nigeria. December 21 2011. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ngrguardiannews. com/index. php? option=com_content A ; view=article A ; id=71436: expatriates-some-semi-skilled-take-over-even-menial-jobs-from-nigerians- A ; catid=72: focal point A ; Itemid=598. accessed August 2012. 3. NIGERIAN E-COMMERCE E-commerce is the purchasing and merchandising of merchandises or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computing machine webs. E-commerce uses the World Wide Web at one point in the transaction’s life-cycle. although it may include a wider scope of engineerings such as electronic mail. nomadic devices and telephones. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - The major clients of e-commerce concerns are persons populating in major urban Centres in Nigeria. notably Lagos. the commercial capital ; Abuja. the political capital ; and Port Harcourt. an oil rich metropolis in Southern Nigeria ; as these metropoliss tend to house the highest figure of cyberspace users in Nigeria. 5Nigeria has over 47 million cyberspace users. with a bulk of them populating in the urban metropoliss. In the mid 2000s. a twosome of e-commerce companies were launched in Nigeria. They hardly survived. The ground for their death. or in other instances. dead growing. was the trouble of acquiring clients to encompass the e-payment options available in Nigeria at that clip. This trouble was due to known instances of fraud that occurred over the insecurity of Interswitch. the lone e-payment platform available in Nigeria at that clip. However. with the entryway of major card payment solutions like Master card and Visa card in 2006. coupled with the improved security characteristics of Interswitch. the industry experienced an addition in the figure of Nigerians put to deathing on-line payments. 6 ( on-line minutess grew by 25 % in 2011 ) Prior to the terminal of the first one-fourth of 2012. the Nigerian e-commerce scene had been slightly tepid as the lone vibrant participants were Dealdey. com and Wakanow. com. At the beginning of the 2nd one-fourth. the sector experienced an addition in the figure of e-commerce company in Nigeria. amongst which were Rocket Internet’s Sabunta. com and Kasuwa. com. The long-run mentality for the e-commerce industry in Nigeria is positive. with analysts foretelling a important addition in new entrants. The execution of the usage of nomadic money in Nigeria by the Central Bank of Nigeria is expected to speed up the development of the e-commerce industry in Nigeria. as nomadic money allows a greater figure of persons engage in electronic minutess. Presently. the Nigerian e-commerce industry has somewhat over 70 companies. though the industry is yet to hold an estimated dollar value. Companies in the sector are categorized into: a. Manner Retailers These are on-line manner stores that chiefly sell places. apparels and other manner accoutrements. Major participants in this class are Sabunta. com. Kamdora. com. Taafoo. com and 3stitches. com. The clear leader among them is Sabunta. despite the fact that the platform was launched less than 3 months ago while most other participants have been in the scene for significantly longer. Sabunta offers a wider scope of international trade names and possesses a more incorporate logistic supply concatenation. This makes them more capable of functioning clients all around Nigeria than rivals. B. Travel and Tourism These are chiefly on-line companies that sell travel and circuit bundles. The clear market leader is Wakanow. com with a current turnover of 35 million naira ( N35 million ) per month. Other participants in this sector belong to private air hose operators e. g. World Wide Web. fly. arikair. com. World Wide Web. myairnigeria. com. etc c. Electronic Gadgets and Books These are companies that sell electronic appliances and books online. The major participants in this class are Kasuwa. com and Konga. com. It is nevertheless hard to state who the bigger participant is. Both participants are less than 3 months old. Apart from electronics. Konga. com besides retails babe and female makeup merchandises. d. Broad Product Retailers Players in this class include group-buying trade sites such as Dealdey. com. Buynownow. com and Buyright. game. The major participant with the largest market portion is Dealdey. com. It was launched in 2011 and possesses the most robust group-buying trade site in Nigeria. 2. SABUNTA. COM Sabunta. com is a manner online retail merchant that offers a broad scope of International and Nigerian manner trade names for sale in Nigeria. Sabunta. com is an e-commerce company owned by Jolali Global Resources Limited. a in private held company in Nigeria. put up and owned by the German Company. Rocket Internet. Rocket’s central office is the vivacious Centre of Berlin. Europe’s Silicon Valley. place to a web of 25 international Rocket offices that cover the operations of the company’s subordinates in developed and emerging markets. Rocket Internet is the largest. fastest and the most successful international on-line venture builder. It presently has over 50 on-line ventures in 7 continents where they are all playing in the top sections of the market. The primary focal point of Rocket is constructing proven. transaction-based concern theoretical accounts in the online and nomadic infinite. The company has been put to deathing this theoretical account since 2007 and have created over 100 market taking companies in over 40 ( 40 ) states. tonss of which have been exited successfully. The Rocket Internet Company is best known for cloning successful online concern in the US in other states where they play at the top of the market. In Europe. Rocket’s Zalando is presently the largest on-line manner retail merchant. Other good known companies owned and operated by Rocket include ; Wimdu in France. Zidora in Azerbaijan. Dafiti in Brazil. Mizado in Egypt. Locondo in Japan. The Iconic in Australia and Zando in South Africa. Sabunta. com and Kasuwa. com are Rocket’s operations in Nigeria. Both operate from their central offices in Lagos. Nigerian’s commercial capital. place to over 10 % of the country’s $ 413 billion GDP. Sabunta. com and Kasuwa. com service clients around utilizing warehouses in major urban metropoliss. However. Kasuwa. com sells electronic appliances and books. while Sabunta. com sells manner points. Sabunta. com provides clients with flexible online platforms to shop for manner points from the convenience of their places. and delivers these points at the doorsills of shoppers. The company provides flexible payment options including bank sedimentations. on-line payment. and its advanced payment-on-delivery option. really foremost introduced in Nigeria by Sabunta. com. Sabunta. com is immature. The company started operations on the 8th of June. 2012 and is presently merely three ( 3 ) months. Yet it has already become the largest and the fastest turning on-line manner retail merchant in Nigeria. with over a 100 orders per twenty-four hours. The company aims to keep its places as the largest and fastest turning in Nigeria. as is being achieved in other states by other Rocket Internet ventures worldwide. Sabunta. com presently has 71 staff. 24 % of whom are foreign subjects. The work force at Sabunta. com consists of alumnuss from Ivy conference universities in the US and Europe. every bit good as top endowment from Nigeria. Its direction squad consists of two foreign subjects and a Nigerian. 4. SABUNTA. COM TARGET MARKET The mark market for Sabunta. com is Nigeria’s upper and emerging middle-class life in major urban metropoliss in Nigeria. The age bracket of the typical Sabunta. com client is between 18 and 65. This age scope constitutes persons who are capable of purchasing or doing purchasing determinations with respects to manner points. The company’s targeted clients are nevertheless less than 10 % of the mentioned age scope. as the company targets persons with an one-year income of non less than N2million ( $ 12. 500 ) . Sabunta’s mark market constitutes of persons who live and work in major urban metropoliss of Nigeria such as Lagos. Abuja. Port Harcourt. Kano. Kaduna. Ibadan. Aba. Warri and Benin. These persons often utilize the cyberspace and assorted societal media platforms to interact with friends. household and co-workers. They are manner witting. voguish looking and want to show their personalities with the sort of outfits they wear. They besides recognize and wear popular international trade names and store for these trade names whenever they or friends and household travel abroad. 5. SABUNTA. COM STRATEGY Having carefully studied the Nigerian e-commerce scene. Sabunta. com concluded that the major job impeding take-off of e-commerce in Nigeria is the doubting nature of Nigerians towards on-line payments. The company responded by presenting the cash-payment-on-delivery option for its clients. Though the company offers regular recognition card and on-line payment options for those who want to make so. the cash-payment-on-delivery option was an ice-breaker: it made doubting Nigerians participate in on-line shopping. This enlarged the market of on-line shoppers. with Sabunta. com being the lone company to bask the backing of this new rush in on-line manner shoppers. Good public presentation on the portion of Sabunta. com further helped to implement their laterality. On clip bringing. even without holding received payment. helped to instil assurance in its mark market. To cut down jobs associated with fraudulence and larceny. normally by goons presenting as clients. Sabunta outsourced its bringing to Red Star Express. a taking Nigerian Franchisee of US planetary messenger trade name FEDEX – a major messenger company that has been in operations in Nigeria since 1992. known for its quality of service. Sabunta. com besides introduced assorted patterns that. though standard in mature e-commerce markets. were fresh and advanced in the turning Nigerian e-commerce market. These inventions include: a. Free Delivery and Return Policy Prior to Sabunta. com entry. no e-commerce company in Nigeria offered free bringing or allowed clients to return purchased goods. Sabunta. com entered the e-commerce scene offering a countrywide free bringing program every bit good as a return policy which allowed clients return goods bought within the first 14 yearss if they were non satisfied with the status in which it was delivered. To return goods. clients are allowed to drop the purchased points at any of the 158 Red Star Express offices situated in all the provinces in Nigeria at their convenience. This reduces the cost which clients incur during the return procedure. The ability to buy goods at no excess cost of bringing and to return these goods if dissatisfied at minimum costs make Sabunta. com a supplier of high quality at low costs – attributes that entreaty to the monetary value medium and yet choice sensitive Nigerian market. B. International Product Offer Sabunta. com recognizes that its mark market constitutes those familiar with and who wear International manner trade names. Consequently. the company spouses with sister manner companies around the universe. owned by the parent. Rocket Internet. to offer a big scope of international trade names – over 150 different trade names – to the Nigerian market. Sabunta. com enhances the show of international merchandises on its site. both those it has in stock every bit good as those in the stock of its sister companies around the universe. This allows the company function the diverse international gustatory sensations of the Nigerian market. and to react to swerve irrespective of its current stock. 6. Success For a company that has been in being for less than three months in a foreign market. Sabunta. com has been able to accomplish a batch of success and has been able to get the better of a important figure of envisaged challenges. Sabunta. com successes include: a. Exceeding Projected Gross Prior to come ining the Nigerian market. the direction of Sabunta projected gross of ˆ15. 000 from about 150 orders in the first one-fourth of concern. This projection was exceeded after the company’s first month of operations. The company found itself runing in a big market with a greater potency for online merchandises than it had envisaged or planned for. The consequence was a restructuring of its operations to run into the demand. B. Obtaining Local Supplies Bing an on-line manner shop. the ability to acquire local providers goes a long manner in finding the sum of net income made. Local supply eliminates the assorted cost associated with acquiring supplies from outside the state – [ The mean mark-up for goods sold on Sabunta. com is 50 % ] . The Sabunta. com squad was concerned about acquiring high quality local supplies for their concern as the figure and industry size of local manner providers were non gettable from official records or research archives. However. the company was cheerily surprised at the big figure of local manner providers resident in Nigeria. The consequence has been high mark-ups on locally produced and sold merchandises. This has lead to profitableness in less clip than projected. [ Sabunta. com presently makes an mean gross net income of 40 % while their operating and net net incomes are still in the negative ] . c. Finding Adequate Logistic Suppliers To guarantee seasonably and accurate countrywide bringing. Sabunta. com required services from bringing houses who possess best patterns every bit good as offer cost-effectiveness as a value proposition. The house understood that a weak or inconsistent logistics arm ( for illustration due to different qualities of bringing by several logistic spouses ) will ensue in negative client perceptual experience. This challenge was overcome through a partnership with Red Star Express – a Franchisee of the US international messenger and logistics service supplier. FEDEX. that has been runing in Nigeria since 1992. Red Star Express cognition of the country’s transit substructure AIDSs in its optimum logistics service bringing. Furthermore. Red Star Express provides support with more than merely bringing and return of goods. It besides collects hard currency from clients who chose to pay in hard currency upon bringing. and remits these financess to Sabunta. This saves the company costs associated with hard currency direction. d. Recruitment of Required Personnel Another envisaged challenge was handiness of skilled local labour. Give the hapless province of Nigeria’s I. T. substructure and edification. the company was unsure of the handiness of I. T related skill sets to transport out Rocket’s theoretical account as practiced in assorted other markets. The company was nevertheless relieved to happen competent local endowment. Sabunta. com operates with a 100 % local I. T squad. capable of transporting out maps required by the Rocket theoretical account. 7. Challenge Despite Sabunta. com successes. the company faces a myriad of challenges. most of which consequence from differences between Rocket’s states of operation and the Nigerian market. Some of these challenges include: a. Challenges Resulting from Socio-Cultural and Socio-Economic Differences Unlike successes gained in recruiting and keeping local forces. Sabunta. com has non been able to keep its international staff. Over 70 per centum ( 70 % ) of Sabunta’s international staff who started out with the company left within two ( 2 ) months. The ground? Inability to acclimatise to the Nigerian environment with peculiar respects to the type of readily available nutrient every bit good as the deficiency of or the high costs of. basic comfortss such as nutrient. H2O. regular electricity supply. wellness services. cooking gas. transit. cyberspace connectivity. etc. Other grounds for the going of international staff included wellness concerns. As at August 2012. over 90 per centum of international staff who resumed operations with the company ( in June 2012 ) were diagnosed with malaria. a tropical disease most had neer experienced. Unanticipated costs and clip associated with replacement and developing international staff continues to blight Sabunta. com. B. Challenges Resulting from Unavailability of Infrastructure. Bing an e-commerce company. Sabunta. com nucleus operations involve the usage of the cyberspace. Consequently. the company requires dependable and ( sooner ) inexpensive cyberspace connectivity and power. Yet. neither internet connectivity nor power supply exists cheaply or faithfully in Nigeria. Nigeria generates and distributes less than 4. 000Megawatts – hardly plenty to function the nation’s power demands and ensuing in frequent power outages. Sabunta. com spends over N640. 000 ( ˆ3. 200 ) per month on Diesel to fuel their stand-by generators. and is invariably plagued with this high cost of power. The company besides has high cyberspace connectivity disbursals – N450. 000 ( ˆ2. 250 ) per month for a bandwidth size of 4/4Mbps. Even with such immense amounts spent on internet connexion. Sabunta. com continues to see less than optimum services from Nigerian cyberspace service suppliers. c. Challenges Resulting from Legislation A cardinal constituent of Sabunta’s scheme is offering a broad scope of international trade names in Nigeria. utilizing stock held by sister companies around the universe. Research and surveies of Nigerian importing Torahs suggested that importing of manner stock into Nigeria would be comparatively easy. This left the company vulnerable to the daze it received when the first set of drop-shipment was seized at the airdrome by the Nigerian Customs Service ( NCS ) . The NCS claimed that the goods contained points that were contraband in Nigeria. Sabunta responded by taking such points from their offerings – aroma and aromas. . Notwithstanding its response. Sabunta continues to confront of all time present menaces associated with prohibitions on importing of manner related points including fabric. leather. vesture. and places. Nigerian history reveals frequent policy alterations and incompatibilities with regard importing of goods into the state. long identified as a major cause of failure of concerns in Nigeria. Another challenge faced by Sabunta from the Nigerian statute law is the limitation placed by the CBN on the sale of Foreign Exchange to companies and single except for particular intents like the importing and exportation of goods and services and besides the payment of services abroad. This meant that Sabunta had to purchase foreign exchange at a higher monetary value in the black market to settle all its international staff’s wage and other payments which were denominated in US dollars. ( Official rate is 1 $ =159Naira as against the black market rate of 1 $ =163Naira ) . d. Challenges Resulting from Corrupt Practices. Despite the absence of contraband. Sabunta’s direction continue to see holds in the release of their cargo by Nigerian Customs functionaries. Further enquiry revealed that the logistic company they employed ( FEDEX ) to manage importing of their goods did non hold a good relationship with the Customss functionaries due to the company’s enforced policy of non offering payoffs as is the order of the twenty-four hours. Sabunta’s direction continue to see and accordingly to stay watchful to the changeless menace of deceitful and corrupt patterns that plaque concern in Nigeria. The company continues to confront the challenge of local concern spouses who try to cut corners and deliver less. Prior to partnering with FEDEX. a Nigerian messenger company was chosen and partnered with for local bringing. Similar to FEDEX’s aggregation and remittal of hard currency. the messenger company collected payment from clients on bringing. However. the company often fell short of its duties in footings of timing and sum of hard currency remitted. The messenger company besides failed to describe accurate figures collected from clients. and till day of the month. owe Sabunta over 40 % of payments collected. Sabunta was speedy to acknowledge this job and fleetly partnered with FEDEX for its logistics services. Nevertheless. other beginnings of corrupt patterns persist particularly from little independent service suppliers. This is peculiarly so with craftsman related services such as plumbing. equipment fixs and office care. and are frequent beginnings of lost financess or delayed services to Sabunta. 8. SABUNTA’S FUTURE: THE Amalgamation Plans are presently being made for a amalgamation with Kasuwa. Rocket Internet’s other company in Nigeria. besides launched in June 2012. to organize Jumia. The amalgamation is expected to ensue in the biggest e-commerce retail merchant in Nigeria – a one-stop store for all merchandises related to manner and electronic points. The new web site. Jumia. com. will offer a wider assortment of international trade names. utilizing schemes presently employed by Sabunta. Jumia is intended to supply benefits associated with graduated table such as price reductions and dickering power ( in relation to providers ) . while turn toing current challenges faced by both companies. They include: a. Staffing: The amalgamation is expected to cut down the figure of needed staff. This will ensue in the decrease of salary disbursals and will ensue in the demand for fewer international staff. In other words. international staff who have acclimatized to Nigeria from both companies may go on to supply required services to Jumia without the demand to enroll and retain new staff. B. Office Space: The amalgamation is expected to ensue in shared office infinite at a cost smaller than the combined cost of Sabunta and Kasuwa’s current office cost. c. Fueling and Power: Similar to the consequence on office infinite. the amalgamation is expected to ensue in fueling and power costs that will be smaller than the combined current cost of both companies current fueling and power demands. d. Internet Connectivity: More than merely decrease in costs. the amalgamation is expected to ensue in Jumia’s ability to buy larger bandwith sizes straight from cyberspace suppliers in South Africa. Europe. and North America. This will turn to the undependability of internet connectivity presently faced by Sabunta and Kasuwa. e. Repair and Maintenance: It is expected that the larger Jumia will be able to spouse with big and dependable suppliers of office and equipment fixs therefore extinguishing little service suppliers who have corrupt or undependable patterns. 9. RECOMMENDATIONS 11Doing a proper market research and analysis When come ining a foreign market. it is recommended that a house carry out proper market research and analysis on that market prior to entry. Exceed on the list is an environmental analysis that needs to be taken besides. There are unmanageable forces which are external forces upon which the direction has no direct control. and it can exercise an influence. There are besides Internal forces which are governable forces upon which the direction to accommodate to. 12Form Strategic Alliances When come ining a foreign market. it is recommended that a steadfast forge strategic confederation to enable them acquire the undermentioned * Great synergism with the partnering local company. * Opportunity to entree assets that are non readily available in the market. * Access to larger market and engineering for little companies. 11 Jusuf Zekiri and Biljana Angelova. Factors that Influence Entry Mode Choice in Foreign Markets. European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 22. Number 4 ( 2011 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eurojournals. com/EJSS_22_4_12. pdf. accesses August 2012. 12 Mihaela Belu. Schemes of Entering New Markets. The Rumanian Economic Journal. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. rejournal. eu/Portals/0/Arhiva/JE % 2027/JE % 2027 % 20- % 20Belu % 20Caragin. pdf. accessed August 2012. Appendix 1 Mobile Money In NigeriaMobile money as the name implies is the transportation of pecuniary value from one person’s Mobile phone to another. It has been made moving ridges and affected commercialism greatly in certain parts of eastern Africa where it was launched in 2009. In Nigeria. the CBN ( Central Bank of Nigeria ) . granted licence to 11 nomadic money operators in 2011. The CBN rolled out the Mobile money run in Lagos State. Nigeria commercial nervus centre in January 2012. and planned establishing it around the federation by 2013. The CBN besides put in topographic point some inducements for utilizing the Mobile money services. by puting charges for Bank hard currency minutess above 500. 000 for persons and 1million naira for companies. | Appendix 2 Economicss of Lagos StateLagos State is the commercial nervus Centre of Nigeria. Located in the western portion of Nigeria. it is home to over 18million people and has over 2. 000 industries. 65 % of the country’s commercial activities are carried out in the province. Two of the nation’s largest havens -Apapa and Tin-Can Ports are located in Lagos State. | Appendix 3 Income Distribution of the Nigeria Population in 2010 Nigeria Population in 2010-156. 051. 000 ( Beginning: International Monetary Fund – 2011 World Economic Outlook ) This study shows the distribution for seven groups within the Nigerian Population in 2010. Percentage of population in income bracket of 0-500 PPP Dollars –55. 68 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 500-1000 PPP Dollars-28. 22 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 1000-2500 PPP Dollars- 14. 61 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 2500-5000 PPP Dollars- 1. 17 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 5000-10000 PPP Dollars- 0. 17 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 10000-20000 PPP Dollars- 0. 05 % Percentage of population in income bracket of 20000+ PPP Dollars- 0. 1 % Source-Marketline analysis based on information from National Statistical Organization

Missions and Omissions

Missions and Omissions Missions and Omissions Missions and Omissions By Mark Nichol The words listed and defined in this post all stem from the Latin verb mittere, which means â€Å"send.† They have in common the element mit (or miss). To admit (literally, â€Å"send to†), for example, is to allow something to enter or be sent in, though the word also pertains to acknowledging or conceding something. Such a concession is also referred to as an admission, while in addition, admission is the process or state of allowing entrance or the fee paid for entrance, and admissible means â€Å"able to be admitted† (usually in a legal context). To commit (â€Å"send with†) is to obligate or pledge oneself or another to a task, to entrust for safekeeping, or to promise resources; it also applies to carrying out a crime or to placing someone in a mental hospital or in prison. An obligation or pledge, or an act of entrusting or placing, is a commitment, while the enactment of a crime is a commission. That word also pertains to a group of people convened to accomplish a task (a commissioner is an individual given such a charge); committee is a cognate synonym. Commission also applies to a fee paid to an agent or an employee for selling something and to an authorization given to someone, as in the conferral of military authority and rank. As a verb, it applies to making an assignment or order or preparing a vessel for operation. Emit (â€Å"send out†) usually is employed in the context of giving out energy such as light or heat, or a scent. In addition, one may emit a sound, and something officially issued may be emitted. On who does so is an emitter, and an emission is something sent out; the term usually applies to exhaust fumes from a vehicle. To omit (â€Å"send out,† from the notion of sending it so that it is not included) is to leave out; something excluded is an omission. To permit (â€Å"send forward†) is to allow, and the word serves as a noun describing documentation allowing something to be done or to happen, while the authority granted to do something is permission. Remit (â€Å"send back†) pertains to sending something (such as money) or to canceling a debt or other obligation. The word is also a noun referring to an area of authority or responsibility, while the noun remission not only refers to canceling or reducing something but also to an improvement of health. (In this case, a patient is said to be in remission.) Submit (â€Å"send under†) means â€Å"place under control of another† or â€Å"refer to another for consideration†; the act of doing so in either sense is submission. (That word also pertains in the second sense to the thing submitted.) Transmit (â€Å"send across†) pertains to conveying something (such as a disease) or conducting energy or sending a message in the form of electric signals. In addition to serving as the noun form for these senses, transmission pertains to the system of parts that conveys power to a vehicle. (Informally, car mechanics and enthusiasts use the nickname tranny in this sense, though the word is also a sometimes pejorative truncation of the word transvestite.) Definitions for less common descendants of mittere follow: To demit (â€Å"send down†) is to resign or to withdraw from membership or office, to intermit (â€Å"send between†) is to discontinue, to manumit (â€Å"send from one’s hand†) is to release from slavery, and to pretermit (â€Å"send past†) is to let pass, neglect, or suspend. Demit has no forms in other parts of speech, but intermittent means â€Å"at intervals† or â€Å"seasonally,† an intermission is an interruption (usually, a scheduled break in the midst of a live performance or a film screening), and manumission is a synonym for emancipation (which shares an element meaning â€Å"hand†), or freeing from slavery. Pretermission is synonymous with omission. A subsequent post will detail members of the mittere family in which the root is disguised. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Dialogue Dos and Don'ts"Owing to" vs "Due to"10 Terms for the Common People

Business Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Research Methods - Essay Example It is often difficult to obtain good advice and supervision for research in a steel company with low productivity where job security is very low among the employees. Good advice and supervision (for trainees) or peer review (for experienced researchers) are a key to successful research. Inadequate planning This is often related to poor advice. All stages of the project need to be planned in detail. There is nothing worse than getting halfway through data collection, and then realizing that things should be done slightly differently. Or even worse collecting a whole load of data and then realizing that one do not really know how to analyze it. Methodological error Many questions in Job Satisfaction survey are rather complex. The Method has to match the question. If not, there will be problems in analyzing the results. Premature data collection It is very tempting to design a data collection form and start collecting data as soon as possible. However this is always a mistake. A lot of energy and enthusiasm is wasted by premature data collection. A Structured Approach has to be adopted to avoid this pitfall. Underestimate of time / resources required Research projects always take much longer and are always much harder. A good rule of thumb is to estimate within the time and resources that you have available, play safe and ask a smaller or different question. Lack of motivation Completing a research project is hard work. It takes energy, enthusiasm and staying power from the employees. In a steel company with low productivity, one cannot expect the employees to be enthusiastic. Not asking a focused question This is the commonest reason that projects fail, with the usual error being to attempt to answer a question that is too big and too general. Obtaining a... It is very tempting to design a data collection form and start collecting data as soon as possible. However this is always a mistake. A lot of energy and enthusiasm is wasted by premature data collection. A Structured Approach has to be adopted to avoid this pitfall. Research projects always take much longer and are always much harder. A good rule of thumb is to estimate within the time and resources that you have available, play safe and ask a smaller or different question. Completing a research project is hard work. It takes energy, enthusiasm and staying power from the employees. In a steel company with low productivity, one cannot expect the employees to be enthusiastic. This is the commonest reason that projects fail, with the usual error being to attempt to answer a question that is too big and too general. Obtaining a concrete answer to a small and specific question is much better than attempting to obtain an answer to a 'big question'. This is also called a dichotomous scale and takes the form Yes and No questions. The Major draw back of this type is that it can be applied for demographic responses or where a dichotomous response is adequate. Analysis is almost negligible for these types of scales. This scale is appropriate when there are multiple options but only one answer is sought.